It Is Not Goodness to Be Better Than the Worst free essay sample

It isn't goodness to be superior to the most noticeably terrible. ’’ Most individuals, when given a task, will do the least conceivable work required to in any event pass. Clearly, with more up to date and more up to date advances, individuals have gets sluggish after some time. In the event that one is close to death, it doesn’t imply that they are equivalent to one who is totally fine. There are endless models for a statement, for example, this. Understudies may just meet the insignificant necessities for a task only for it to be scarcely enough to pass. Having more work done takes into account the general evaluation to surpass what might have been composed at the negligible prerequisites. I recollect when I was in 6th grade, my educator alloted the class a 200 word outline of what we found out about during history time. To us this appeared to be a great deal, yet we figured out how to have it finished by the due date. We will compose a custom article test on It Is Not Goodness to Be Better Than the Worst or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I wound up having a paper longer than the prerequisites, as did different understudies, however there were a rare sorts of people who decided to compose just 200 words or more. The understudies who composed well over the 200 least were given additional credit. I was extremely content with my additional credit, however others weren’t cheerful when they got a lower grade because of their rundown containing numerous missteps, for example, incorrect spellings and linguistic blunders. Now and then, being better than another will majorly affect the two individuals. The better one will act self important and oblivious to the individuals who simply need to support him. As a result of these changes, the lesser individual will comport oneself to accept he is lesser and will continue accepting so for quite a while. Except if he understands that it was only one time, he will keep on accepting his latent capacity isn't as extraordinary as the more prominent man. This statement is befuddling me now, it is acceptable to not be the most exceedingly terrible yet there is a distinction. It’s great to compose long article and get a decent imprint, however don’t be snooty. Be that as it may, on the off chance that one isn't the most noticeably terrible, yet has gotten an awful blemish on a similar task, at that point he despite everything has not been acceptable. In â€Å"Mills is most exceedingly terrible performing West African leader† (2012), Fiifi Arhin affirms that President Mills has not totally been the most noticeably terrible pioneer, yet rather the â€Å"10th most exceedingly terrible performing pioneer of 2011†. Arhin records the far more terrible Presidents and states that it couldn't totally have been their deficiencies as â€Å"other factors came into play†. The numerous models utilized in the article are previous Presidents that have accomplished amazingly substandard work that President Mills. This article is written in a belittling tone towards the Presidents, and convinces the crowd with realities. With these models, I have at long last settled on a choice to concur with this week’s latin statement. It isn't incredible to be the most noticeably terrible. To be marginally better than that of the most noticeably awful is still observed as poor. It is extraordinary to be the best. However, on the off chance that you are not the best nor most exceedingly terrible you are in the center, and that is a befuddling spot to be.

Definition and Examples of Research

Definition and Examples of Research Research is the assortment and assessment of data about a specific subject. The all-encompassing reason for investigate is to respond to questions and create new information. Sorts of Research Two wide ways to deal with examine are usually perceived, however these various methodologies may cover. Set forth plainly, quantitative research includes theâ systematic assortment and examination of information, while subjective research includes the contemplated use and assortment of an assortment of experimental materials, which may incorporate contextual investigation, individual experience, thoughtfulness, biography, interviews, antiques, [and] social writings and creations (The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2005). At last, blended strategy researchâ (sometimes called triangulation) has been characterized as the fuse of different subjective and quantitative methodologies inside a solitary undertaking. There are different methods of ordering distinctive research techniques and approaches. For instance, humanism professor Russell Schutt sees that [d]eductive research starts at the purpose of hypothesis, inductive research starts with information yet finishes with hypothesis, and unmistakable research starts with information and closures with experimental generalizations(Investigating the Social World, 2012). In the expressions of brain research teacher Wayne Weiten, No single research strategy is perfect for all reasons and circumstances. A great part of the resourcefulness in inquire about includes choosing and fitting the technique to the inquiry at hand(Psychology: Themes and Variations, 2014). School Research Assignments School investigate assignments are an open door for you to add to a scholarly request or discussion. Most school assignments pose you to represent an inquiry worth investigating, to peruse broadly looking for potential answers, to decipher what you read, to make contemplated determinations, and to help those ends with substantial and very much archived proof. Such assignments may from the start appear to be overpowering, however on the off chance that you suggest a conversation starter that interests you and approaches it like an analyst, with real interest, you will before long figure out how compensating exploration can be.Admittedly, the procedure requires some investment: time for inquiring about and time for drafting, reexamining, and recording the paper in the style suggested by your teacher. Before starting an examination venture, you should set a reasonable calendar of deadlines.(Diana Hacker, The Bedford Handbook, sixth ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2002) Ability must be animated by realities and thoughts. Doâ research. Feed your ability. Research not just successes the war onâ cliche, its the way to triumph over dread and its cousin, depression.(Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance, and the Principles of Screenwriting. HarperCollins, 1997) A Framework for Conducting Research Starting analysts need to begin by utilizing the seven stages recorded underneath. The way isn't generally straight, however these means give a structure to leading research...(Leslie F. Stebbins, Student Guide to Research in the Digital Age. Libraries Unlimited, 2006) Characterize your examination questionAsk for helpDevelop an exploration system and find resourcesUse powerful inquiry techniquesRead basically, orchestrate, and look for meaningUnderstand the academic correspondence procedure and refer to sourcesCritically assess sources Compose What You Know I allude to [the composing motto] Write what you know, and issues develop when it’s deciphered to imply that first-grade instructors should (just?) expound on being a first-grade educator, short-story authors living in Brooklyn ought to expound on being a short-story essayist living in Brooklyn, thus forth...Writers who are personally acquainted with their subject produce all the more knowing, increasingly certain and, subsequently, more grounded results...But that order isn't great, inferring, as it does, that one’s composed yield ought to be restricted to one’s interests. A few people don’t feel energetic around one given subject, which is lamentable yet shouldn’t dispatch them to the sidelines of the universe of composition. Luckily, this problem has a loophole: you can really gain information. In news coverage, this is called detailing, and in true to life, look into... [T]he thought is to examine the subject till you can expound on it with comp lete certainty and authority. Being a sequential master is really a cool aspect concerning the very endeavor of composing: You learn ’em and leave ’em.(Ben Yagoda, Should We Write What We Know? The New York Times, July 22, 2013) The Lighter Side of Research  Poking a dead raccoon isn't investigate. (Bart Simpson, The Simpsons) Google isn't an equivalent word for explore. (Dan Brown, The Lost Symbol, 2009)I locate that an incredible piece of the data I have was obtained by looking into something and discovering something different in transit. (Franklin Pierce Adams, cited in Readers Digest, October 1960)

Business Report for Enhancing Virtual Team- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theBusiness Report for Enhancing Virtual Team Communications. Answer: Presentation The prime segment of accomplishment for any association is correspondence. The extended trust, shared aptitudes, and inevitably improved execution are the significant impacts related with powerful correspondence. The over the top compatibility amidst the groups inside the association is related with the venture the executives, since the engendering of vital data and taking off presentation abilities are helped by these connection. Virtual groups are a basic authoritative source in the opposing overall business. The work of the virtual groups can prompt decrease of undertaking achievement time, adjustment, and excursion costs. This report shows the relational and social incongruities between the virtual groups running from deals, advertising, to framework administrator consolidated in Chocolate Mortality Company. In addition, proposals are proffered for improving the associations correspondence to improve the profitability. Correspondence Context The lions portion of particular communicators in Chocolate Mortality association works in a virtual gathering in the long run in their own group, in view of the extended use of virtual gatherings. For talking with groups from various social orders and transversely after some time zones, the particular communicators must have phonetic skill. The basic factor in virtual gatherings is the intercultural correspondence that ought to be clear and careful to be gotten on (Bhappu, Grif?th and Northcraft, 1997). Even more especially, a particular learning of the communitarian instruments isn't just enough for working in virtual gatherings yet additionally the ability to pass on feasibly over various social orders. For making eye to eye interchanges, the in advance of referenced limits are pivotal and ought to be traded to perform virtual work as well. The approaches to coordinate in virtual gatherings are made sense of by the individuals from various orders. The terms of correspondence, organization, mind look into, and changed controls are basic for the joint exertion in overall virtual gatherings. For example, Johnston and Rosin were a piece of a virtual Network Admin and Database Admin group separately made out of systems backing and database supervisors with people in three separate countries. This is just one instance of a multidisciplinary virtual gathering, yet various workplace bunches are made out of people from different orders. Additionally, virtual gatherings finish different assignments including organization, buying, circulation, technical support, deals, suggestions, and so forth. Fig1: Communication Context of Virtual Teams Openings and Burden of Virtual Teams Openings Weight The associate assets of heterogeneous kinds are introduced The upper hand can be accomplished Distinctive specialized ability and experience of the group are uncovered Broadened advertise aptitude Challenges in understanding the dialects Contrariness in culture across different districts Just modest number of eye to eye correspondence Hard to recognize the collaboration Table 1: Opportunities and Burdens in Virtual Team Moral Communication Implications In all the virtual groups of the association, clashes are unavoidable. After the thought of virtual gathering mind boggling components, the appraisal transforms into a significant test. The irregularity between the groups can be either positive or ruinous. A positive conflict will be incited exactly when the people from the gathering present differing points of view with respect to a task and the group administration (Baron, 1991). Behind the showdown of differentiation in appraisals, the harming conflict emerges when the bundle of virtual colleagues addresses each other desires. An incongruity circumstance will be experienced on the off chance that one gathering of virtual gathering partners for the most part centers around work alone and no close to home issues and the contentions related with the work will be changed into relationship issues. In this manner, the helpful sources of info are influenced and the authoritative efficiency will be diminished. The principle correspondence challenges are portrayed underneath: Inadequacy in non-verbal communication The innovation intervened stage is utilized by the virtual groups to go to up close and personal gatherings somewhat. The vast majority of the compelling interchanges are made by motions like waving the hands, face appearances, voice, periods, breaks, and so forth. Along these lines, the lack in non-verbal correspondence changes the group cooperation as a confused procedure (Boutellier, Gassmann, Macho, and Roux, 1998). The genuine condition articulations ought to be converted into the virtual terms by the virtual groups. For instance, the articulations can be indicated by utilizing emojis in virtual condition. The lack in non-verbal cooperation brings about the misinterpretations, irritation, and creation of dissensions between the colleagues. Unbending time breaking point and Conviction The customary type of the colleagues questioners will be taken by the colleagues in the event that they are not given sufficient periods to building their own virtual group. The cross examiner sway execution produces upsetting effects for developing the certainty on other colleagues. The loss of conviction at last outcomes in the uncertainty. Intercultural Communication Implications The virtual gatherings in Chocolate Mortality organization contain representatives having a place with different districts and societies and are ordinarily organically disseminated. The relational issues and deficient certainty level are experienced by the nonattendance of similitude in intercultural viewpoints. Because of the globalizations increment in associations and the presentation of new system advances and joint effort instruments, the multi-social virtual groups are famous nowadays (Carlson and Zmud, 1999). The responsive time delay, bunch individuals from differing society, cooperative energy misfortune middle the gathering individuals, and correspondence disappointments brings about the loss of efficiency in associations. Suggestions Following are the suggestions to Chocolate Mortality organization to improve the interchanges inside the virtual groups for expanding their efficiency. Foundation clear group constitution and Mutual Standards Vulnerability is the principle disadvantage of the correspondence disappointment inside the virtual groups. In the event that the colleagues don't know about the risk, investigators, discernment level of their achievements, and sharing of the remaining burdens between them, they are exposed to equivocalness. So you should found the conspicuous group and shared guidelines. 74% of the colleagues had preparing in the group constitution and shared standards(Baron, 1991). Along these lines with clear group constitution and shared gauges appropriation, the colleagues can adjust with their own defects and intensity. Rush vis-à-vis meetings normally During the inception phase of virtual gatherings, the eye to eye meetings will help the groups to get the risk, explain the undertaking portrayal, and to think about the errands. Visit vis-à-vis gatherings improves the proficient correspondence. For once per year, 41% of the colleagues won't meet by and by, 28% of colleagues meet once in a year, and 30% of colleagues meet twice in a year(Powell, Piccoli and Ives, 2004). In this way, the colleagues are urged to guard against the influence of going to up close and personal gatherings consistently. Advance Social Interaction Since the non-vocal messages are sifted through by the specialized apparatuses, the pioneer of the virtual group must perk up the group partners to take part in the mutual communication through talking, examining, and imparting their insights on the undertakings. Furthermore, the emotions can be relational as well. The absence of social associations impact the efficiency in the ensuing zones: 48% for overseeing the difficulties, 28% securing of individuals correspondence, and 40% of building certainty (Burk and Chidambaram, 1995). In a completely virtual condition, the talk meetings can be sorted out by the virtual group pioneer for helping the miens, in this manner improving the efficiency. Develop a general lingo The vulnerabilities of non-vocal cooperation can be settled by the improvement of correspondence rules and vernaculars. For instance, the error among quiet and countering can be maintained a strategic distance from. The general vernacular involving the general glossary, modalities, and cooperation modes can help with lessening the work irritation and dreams. 18% of the colleagues know about the efficiency misfortune because of the distortion in correspondences (Kaywoth and Leidner, 2002). Accordingly increasingly number of meetings to generate new ideas ought to be led by the virtual group pioneer for developing the general tongue without focusing on prompt results. Lighten the apathetic effects of social variations The group coordination and effective cooperation sway the social variations in virtual groups. The group partners utilized from different areas in a similar nation is reasonable enough to develop the social divergence in a virtual situation. The partners having work involvement with numerous social conditions can clarify their adequacy of social incongruities to other colleagues for building the connections and certainty. Just about one quarter (24%) of the virtual partners isn't effective in exploiting the social incongruities (Crampton, 2001). Besides, in the ongoing years, 95% of the virtual group pioneers are appraised as fruitful or exceptionally adequate to deal with the multicultural and multiregional virtual groups. As per an examination on social differences in virtual groups, the procured similarity among the group partners can be lightened by the utilization of specialized coordinated effort apparatuses. Different body lingos and articulations assume a significant job in video conferencing yet not wi

Medical Report Why Inpatient Services Are So Popular - 275 Words

Medical Report: Why Inpatient Services Are So Popular? (Essay Sample) Content: 1 Why inpatient services are so popular?Inpatient care generally refers to any medical services that require admission into a hospital. Inpatient care tends to be directed towards more serious ailments and trauma that require one or more days of overnight to stay at a hospital. For the purpose of the health care coverage, health insurance plan require you to be formally admitted into a hospital for a stay service to be consider inpatient. This means a doctor has to write a note to give the order to admitted you, so if were in the emergency room and were asked to stay overnight for medical observation its does not make you an inpatient.Outpatient care on the other hand, is medical services provide that does not require prolonged stay at facility. This can include routine services such as checkup or visits to clinics. Even more involved procedure, so long as they allow you to leave the hospital or facility on the same day, can still be considered as outpatient care. Many surgical services, rehabilitation treatments, as well as mental health services are available as outpatient services. Outpatient care tends to be less expensive, since it is often less involved and does not require a patient's continued presence in a facility, which uses up less of the hospital or medical clinic's resources.2. Urgent care centres that I know someone have usedThe trust provides an urgent care centre (UCC) at Chase Farm Hospital. This is NOT a full emergency department but urgent care centres treat most injuries and illnesses that are urgent but not life-threatening, for example sprains and strains, broken bones, minor burns and scalds, minor head and eye injuries, bites and stings.3. Types of services care centres provideThey are committed to delivering world leading research. We regard research as a key part of what they do as a trust, working with our other organizations in the UCLPartners academic health science network for the benefit of patients.They aim to bring the best researchers from around the world to work alongside our patients, providing world class expertise locally.RESEARCHThey are committed to delivering world leading research. We regard research as a key part of what they do as a trust, working with other organizations in the UCLPartners academic health science network for the benefit of patients.Their aim to bring the best researchers from around the world to work alongside our patients, providing world class expertise locally.4. Report and the discussion no their recent activities.Clinical research, mainly clinical trials of medicines, is the key focus of our research activity. Our world class investigators and highly trained clinical research staff allow us to attract and host the latest national and international clinical trials and deliver them to international regulatory and ethical standards.Find out more about our re...

The Importance Of Quality Corporate Governance Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 21 Words: 6356 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The importance of corporate governance quality has been stressed by many studies (Asian Roundtable on Corporate Governance, 2006; Andy Mullineux, 2006; Chris Mallin, 2003; Ross Levine, 2004; Stephen Y.L.Cheung et. al., 2004; Vasile Cocris et. al., 2007). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Importance Of Quality Corporate Governance Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Notably, an opinion survey conducted by McKinsey Company (2002) highlighted a significant 78% of investors are willing to pay a premium, as high as 22% to 25%, for Malaysian companies exhibiting good corporate governance quality. Due to the special nature of the banking business, notably with the fiduciary duty owe by the banks to its stakeholders, many studies have identifies reasons why corporate governance for banks should be given priority as compared with other industries (Asian Roundtable on Corporate Governance, 2006;). Such a study is even more pronounce in Malaysia as many prior studies perceive the failure of corporate governance is the root cause to the Financial crisis in 1997 (Asian Roundtable on Corporate Governance, 2006;). This chapter provides some relevant prior studies on corporate governance quality in Malaysia as well as its banking sector. Malaysian corporate governance reform aims to restore investors confidence of the capital market, this paper is satisfie d that discussions and findings on corporate governance practices in Malaysia directly contributes to the corporate governance quality of the Malaysian banking sector. Innssa Love (2010) specified three main sources used to construct measures of corporate governance quality, namely, (i) information from companys by-laws and charter provision; (ii) Independent rankings constructed by rating agencies, such as Standard Poors (S P) or Credit Lyonnaise Securities Asia (CLSA); as well as (iii) Opinion surveys of firms. It is the intent of this chapter to provide review of these sources to discern the perception of corporate governance quality in the context of the Malaysian banking sector. Measurements of Corporate governance quality in Malaysian domestic banking institutions The mechanisms that determine corporate governance quality in Malaysia can be analyzed from the directions contain in the master plans as well as orders from relevant regulatory bodies (Abdul Hadi B. Z., 2000 and Inessa Love, 2010). According to Abdul Hadi bin Zulkafli et al., (2000), the main sources of corporate governance reforms agenda in Malaysia can be traced back to three official documentations, namely, the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG), the Capital Market Master Plan (CMP) and the Financial Sector Master Plan (FSMP). As part of its implementation plan for the FSMP, Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) also issued various prudential guidelines such as Guideline on Corporate Governance for Licensed Institutions (BNM/GP1) to regulate corporate governance practices of the banking sector. In addition to sufficing to BNMs prudential guidelines, Malaysian domestic banking institutions are also required by Bursa Malaysia to disclose and justify the extent of compliance with the principles and best practices set out in the MCCG. With the above legal and regulatory environment in place, the following sub-sections take stock of the progress of corporate governance reform of Malaysian domestic banking institutions. On the basis of analysis of broad principles of corporate governance directly affecting the quality of corporate governance of the Malaysian domestic banking institutions as shown in Table 1.2, this research discusses the following mechanisms of corporate governance. Board Characteristics (Directors) In a paper that examines the impact of corporate governance practices on the performances of firms in Malaysia, Allan Chang Aik Leng, 2005 concluded that corporate governance practices, such as board composition, CEO duality and concentrated ownership were found to have insignificant impact on ROE. The paper, however, concluded three independent variables that were found to have significant impact on ROE. These variables are, namely, (i) th e dominant role of the CEO and chairman of the board, (ii) gearing; and (iii) size of the company (Allan Chang Aik Leng et. al., 2005). Broad principles set forth by MCCG in this category includes board effectiveness, board compositions, supply of information to the board, as well as appointments of directors. Board Effectiveness Lum Chee Soon et. al. (2006) concludes the important role of board effectiveness in the corporate governance in Malaysia banking system. The paper evaluates that board independence is a prerequisite for enhancing board effectiveness. There is still room for improvement in this important basis of the internal governance mechanism in the post financial crisis period. This is a difficult area for most banking leaders to tread: and improvements must be made at the board level if the board is truly committed to the idea of enhancing board effectiveness. Board independence is a prerequisite for enhancing board effectiveness. The results of the survey questionnaires show there is still room for improvement in this important basis of the internal governance mechanism. All board members, especially the independent directors, must truly feel independent without any reservations about, first, whether their term can be terminated if they dont toe the line, or second, if they have an obligation to the controlling owner or CEO who appointed them. This is a difficult area for most banking leaders to tread; and improvements must be made at the board level if the board is truly committed to the idea of enhancing board effectiveness (Lum Chee Soon et. al., 2006) Much still remains to be done to enhance board effectiveness and independence at the firm-level. The board must be more conscious and passionate of its role in establishing the ethical and cultural values of good corporate governance. Board diversity is always an important ingredient for those interactions to take place that are necessary to promote open and constructive engageme nts within board discussions and decision-making process. We have seen that the increasing role of independent directors in the boardroom is an important ingredient for this diversity (Lum Chee Soon et. al., 2006). The appointment of the board members is very much a contentious issue. A perusal of the board composition in the domestic banking institutions in Malaysia reveals the fact that very little change has taken place in terms of recruitment of new board members: there is still a reluctance to recruit unfamiliar independent non-executive directors to the board in domestic banking institutions. Appointment of non-executive directors should not be based on who you know but should be based on who is best. A simple criterion of choice should be on the candidates merits and passion to engage in constructive boardroom discussions and create value for the shareholders as well as other stakeholders (Lum Chee Soon et. al., 2006). Board Responsibilities Directors Remuneration The broad principle of directors remuneration in MCCG refers to .. Sang-Woo Nam et. al., () conducted an opinion survey on Directors Remuneration and show that compensations for CEOs, boards of directors, and executive directors are positively related to changes in stock return. In a study that investigates the relationship between financial compensation of bank directors and the banks performance for the period 2000-2003 of Asian banks, Katsuyuki Kubo (2006) concluded that there is a positive link between banks profitability and their financial compensations. This result is consistent with the opinion survey by bank directors which confirms a link between performance and compensation. The implication of the result of this study renders directors compensation as not an important element of corporate governance. Rights of Shareholders The World Banks Report on Observance of Standards and Codes (2005) highlighted protection for minority shareholders and shareholders activ ism as key challenges for corporate governance reform in Malaysia. Accoutability, Independence, Disclosure and Transparency McKinsey (2002) found that majority of survey respondents agree that corporate governance remains of great concern to them with strengthening the quality of financial disclosure and transparency as the top priority, followed by board independence and board effectiveness (Hafiza Aishah Hashim et. al., (); Sang-Woo Nam et. al., 2004; Stephen Y.L.Cheung et. al.,2004). The World Banks Report on Obeservance of Standards and Codes (2005) highlighted directors accountability as a key challenge for Malaysia. Julius C. P. (2006) found that banks risk management practices in Asian banks generally meets the requirements of internationally accepted standards under current supervisory framework. Generally, the survey results show that Asian banks have sound practices in areas of risk management, such as credit and market risk management, as well as internal cont rol. However, Much, however, must still be done to address operational risk management, public disclosure practices related to risk exposure of banks as well as more closely integrate risk management into overall governance and managegement of banks. S.Susela Devi (2003), in an article that describe the evolution of corporate governance in Malaysia, provides a chronological list of corporate governance initiatives in Malaysia and discusses the development of corporate governance in Malaysia in three phases, namely, Awareness, Advocacy and Action. S.Susela Devi (2003), in a forum article organized by United Nations aims to discuss corporate transparency and disclosure, describes Malaysia experience in corporate governance developments in three phases: Awareness, Advocacy and Action. In his article written for UN, Chris Mallin (2003) observes that transparency and accountability were two key corporate governance qualities recommended for reformed in many countries, including Malaysia, that have been affected by a lack of investor confidence. Innessa Love (2010) presents an example that measures various components in a Corporate Governance Index based on CLSA (2001) questionnaire provides 45% weightage to Transparency, Independence and Accountability. The other 45% are attributed to discipline, responsibility anf fairness. Lum Chee Soon et. al. (2006) concludes that although much has been achieved in the post-crisis period, the public perception of corporate governance in Malaysia banking system is still weak. One important area of public concern is that of disclosures and transparency of the workings of the boards in the domestic banking institutions. In a study published by Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, Tommy Thomas of United Nations Development Programme concluded that the quality of corporate governance is inextricably linked to accountability of directors to shareholders. Hence, the greater the a ccountability, the better the corporate governance. Conversely, the lesser the accountability, the poorer the corporate governance (Tommy Thomas, 2002) cg and malaysia 3 The relationship between Corporate Governance, transparency and Financial disclosure ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦the disclosure category looks at the transparency of a corporation as measured by the quantity and quality of the publicly available information on the governance structure. Deminor state that information to shareholders is one of the most important aspects of corporate governance, as it reflects the degree of transparency and accountability of the corporation towards its shareholders. The paper concludes with the recognition that while no single universal model of corporate governance exists nor is there a static, final structure in corporate governance that every country or enterprise should emulate (Commonwealth Association for Corporate Governance, 2000), transparency and disclosure are key attributes of any model of good corporate governance. Institutional Framework supporting Corporate Governance Quality Environment Legal and Regulatory In a paper that measures the progress of corporate governance reforms in nine East Asian economies, including Malaysia, a divergence between the regulatory environment and market perception of corporate governance practices in the countries sampled (Stephen Y.L. Cheung et. al., 2006). In considering the implications of banks fiduciary duty to their depositors and taxpayers in the context of the banks corporate governance, Andy Mullineux (2006) found that good corporate governance of banks requires regulation to balance the interests of depositors and taxpayers with those of the shareholders. The Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (2000) was developed to provide guidance on general principles of corporate governance and best practices of each principle as part of Malaysian corporate governance reform of the private sector. In recognizing that there are aspects of corporate governance where statutory regulation is necessary and others where self-regu lation, complemented by market discipline is more appropriate, the code was structured in a way so as to allow for a more constructive and flexible response to raise standards in corporate governance. In considering the special nature of the banking business and implications of banks fiduciary duty to their depositors in the context of banks corporate governance, Andy Mullineux (2006) found that good corporate governance of banks requires regulation to balance the interests of depositors with those of the shareholders. As discussed in previous section, the Malaysian banking sector has made great strides in embracing corporate governance practices for the last decade. Abdul Hadi B. Z. (2000), in his descriptive analysis of corporate governance mechanisms in Malaysia, found that the mechanisms that have been put in place are comprehensive and covers a wide spectrum of corporate governance internally and externally. Indeed, the key results of an opinion survey of the board of dir ectors and survey of risk management conducted by Sang-Woo Nam et. al., (2006), imply that the practice of good corporate governance has become a norm in the domestic banking institutions in Malaysia. The author also commended the effort of Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) and the domestic banking institution and confirmed that there is some persuasive evidence, with particular reference to strict measures of board structures and composition, to suggest that the banking sector have embraced the importance of the practice of corporate governance in Malaysia. Even though the Malaysian banking sector has made great strides in embracing corporate governance practices, however, many researches held to the perception that much more needs to be done, especially on the institutional-level, to enhance the corporate governance quality of the Malaysian banking sector (Asian Lum Chee Soon et. al., 2006; Stijn Claessens et. al., 2002). While work on Asia has thus clarified some corporate governa nce issues, many important issues are still unknown. These issues include: (a) the causes of specific ownership structures and the relationships of ownership structures with countries institutional environments; (b) how ownership structures influence not only firm performance and valuation, but also other corporate policies, such as investment patterns and financing structures; (c) alternative governance mechanisms in enhancing governance, such as the roles of reputation, second block holders, (foreign) institutional investors and other voluntary mechanisms; (d) family firm internal governance issues, including management, compensation and family succession; and (e) the interaction between the quality of public governance and corporate governance. Most of the challenges of addressing these issues arise because of data availability problems. Resolving the data problems calls for systematic data collection by researchers and corporate governance research centres in this region (Stijn Claessens et. al., 2002). Mike W. Peng et. al. (2006) examined whether the role of concentrated family ownership and control in large firm in Asia is good, bad or irrelevant for firm performance. Their findings demonstrated that concentrated family ownership does not have a negative impact on firm performance in the Malaysian context. The authors explains that, in general in countries where institutional framework are weak, family ownership may provide a complementary internal control mechanism and better access to resources. A major element of public concern during the crisis period was the close connectivity between banks and corporate borrowers. It is acknowledged that much has already been done in terms of regulatory guidelines (GP1, GP5, GP6 and GP7) to ensure the avoidance of conflicts of interest and the problem of large single corporate borrowers. With this, the associated dire consequences will not occur and have an adverse impact on the whole financial and banking sy stem. However, it must be recognized that BNM cannot solve the root of the problem by using its regulatory guidelines alone. While regulatory bites can have its advantage, there must also be the banking industrys corporate leaders will to ensure that the intents of the regulatory guidelines are implemented in practice (Lum Chee Soon et. al. 2006) In moving forward a review of the implementation issues and problems at the ground level may be necessary. Enforcement and surveillance mechanisms by the regulatory bodies are critical. There is little doubt that the reality of corporate governance is that those in control of corporations will always have one eye on the laws governing his / her actions and more particularly the penalties that go with any breach thereof and another eye on wealth-making for the corporation (Chan, 2001). Political economy The World Banks Report on Observance of Standards and Codes (2005) highlighted large government ownership as a key challenge for co rporate governance reform in Malaysia. Stijn Claessens et. al. (2000) provides insight of Malaysia banking sector as following: State control is significant in Malaysia. Ownership data are either completely missing, available only on nominee accounts, or not sufficient to collect more than half of the ownership rights in Malaysia. Family ownership is significant in Malaysia. Significant evidence of cross-holdings in Malaysia. Four-fifths or more of companies in Malaysia have managers who belong to the controlling group. Medium size firms show the most separation of ownership and control. The separation of ownership and control in state-controlled firms occurs in Malaysia with the smallest firm displaying the most separation, such as families firms. Firms held by financial institutions do not display significant ownership and control. Family controlled firms in Malaysia increases from 58% to 67%. Older firms are more likely family controlled. A qua rter of the corporate sector in Malaysia is controlled by largest ten families. The largest 15 families in Malaysia held a significant 76% of corporate assets as a percentage of GDP in 1996. These findings can be interpretated as indicative of both the motivation for and the means to crony capitalism in East Asia. The concentration of corporate control in the hands of a few families creates powerful incentives and abilities to lobby government agencies and public officials for preferential treatment, whether through trade barriers, non-market based financing, preferential public contracts, or other means. Concentration of control might also have been a detriment to the evolution of the countries legal systems. Finally, the direct participation by government officials in the control of a large part of the corporate sector opens up the possibility of wide-spread conflicts between public and private interests of some individuals, leading to crony capitalism. While we can not docu ment whether and through what channels crony capitalism has developed in East Asia, the large ownership concentration certainly raises the likelihood of it. The author concluded that while there is a separation between ownership and management, there is not a separation between control and management. These leads to wealth concentration in the hands of few family which could negatively affect the evolution of the legal and other institutional frameworks for corporate governance and the manner in which economic activity is conducted. It could be a formidable barrier to future poliy reform. Third is the interaction between corporate governance and public governance. As suggested in several studies reviewed in this paper, governments and politicians can determine the rules of the game and the nature of competition in the market place. Listed companiescorporate governance practices are likely to be influenced by the rules, in particular how and to what degree the rules are enforce d. Therefore, it would be important to examine how corporate governance practices of a country are shaped by the quality and the integrity of its government and its regulatory policies (Stijn Claessens et. al., 2002). In a research that examine the separation of ownership and control for corporations, Stitjn Classens et al., 2000 find state control to be a significant corporate governance environment exists in majority of Malaysian corporations (Stijn Claessens et. al., 2000). Malaysia and Hong Kong show the highest degree of family ownership, with 67.2 per cent and 66.7% of total market capitalization controlled by family groups. Certain industry, such as, banking sector might be heavily regulated and the State may own a controlling stake in the companies in such industries. Malaysia has the second most significant, after Singapore, State ownership with 13.4% of value under State control (Stephen Y.L.Cheung et. al., 2004) Stijn Classens et al., 2000 find Malaysia to be amo ng other East Asian countries in examination, with highest concentration of control rights in the hands of the largest blockholder (Stijn Claessens et. al., 2000) The continual lack of public confidence in corporate governance of Malaysia banking system despite hardwork of BNM may be inherited in the potential area of concern in the post-merger domestic banking that the ownership structures of dominant domestic banking institutions financial conglomerates have become more complex and opaque. (Lum Chee Soon et. al., 2006) Markets and Competition In a paper to study the relationship between ownership structure and governance quality, Joseph P.H.F. et al., 2006 found that different ownership structures between widely held foreign banks and family / state-controlled banks in Asian nations may be due to their different business models. The implication of this result was that concentrated ownership structures should not be given much weight in the measure of good corporate govern ance. The paper also provides detail empirical data relating from banks characteristicsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ After reviewing major governance concepts in general, Ross Levine (2004), discusses two special unique attributes of banks, namely, greater opaqueness than other industries and greater government regulation. With the perception that these unique attributes of banks weaken many traditional governance mechanisms, Ross Levine (2004) concluded that existing work suggests the importance to strengthen the ability and incentives of private investors to exert governance over banks rather than relying excessively on government regulators. The continual lack of public confidence in corporate governance of Malaysia banking system despite hardwork of BNM may be inherited in the potential area of concern in the post-merger domestic banking that the ownership structures of dominant domestic banking institutions financial conglomerates have become more complex and opaque . (Lum Chee Soon et. al., 2006) Reputational agents One possible corporate governance role of institutional investors in Asia, and emerging markets in general, is certification. When ownership is concentrated and a firm is subject to agency conflict between controlling owner and minority shareholders, the firm may invite institutional investors equity participation so that it can borrow their reputation to enhance its credibility to minority shareholders. Institutional investing, however, may or may not lead to subsequent improvement of corporate governance or be accompanied with active monitoring. As in any situation with rent seeking and relationship-based transactions, institutional and other minority investors may prefer to let controlling owners continue to protect their rents and not force them to disclose all information, as otherwise their own values are negatively affected (Stijn Claessens et. al., 2002). [Regulatory v Market Discipline] Following a decade of corpo rate governance implementation in Malaysia, there is no lack of write up on the subject matter. Existing literature, however, focuses their attention on legal and regulatory aspects, such as descriptive details on regulatory reform of corporate governance in MalaysiaÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ Despite the importance of the Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance, preliminary review of literature has discerned the following public perceptions of corporate governance quality to be of significant barriers to on-going mplementation of corporate governance in the Malaysian banking industry: Past experience of government regulatory forbearance: Effectiveness of the board Lack of separation of ownership and control Connectivity of banks and corporate borrowers Opaqueness of banking institutions High degree of government intervention Following a decade of corporate governance implementation, this chapter provides review of literature from both academic and professio nal sources to establish a strong grounding on the subject matter of corporate governance quality, with particular focus on public perception of corporate governance quality in the context of Malaysian domestic banking institutions. Corporate Governance Quality of Malaysian Banking Sector Following a decade of corporate governance reform to the Malaysian capital market, issues related to corporate governance quality in the Malaysian banking sector has been well documented in the literature. Inessa Love (2010) specified three main sources used by researchers in constructing measures of corporate governance quality, namely, information from companys by-laws and charter provisions, independent rankings constructed by rating agencies, as well as, surveys of firms. Review of Corporate Governance Quality through banking sector by-laws and charter provision In the context of Malaysian banking sector, the main sources of the banking sector by-laws and charter provision are namely, the Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG), the Capital Master Plan (CMP), the Financial Sector Master Plan (FSMP) (Abdul Hadi B. Z. et. al., 2000) as well as the Guidelines on Corporate Governance for Licensed Institutions (BNM/GP1) issued by Bank Negara Malaysia to its member bankin g institutions. Abdul Hadi B. Z. et. al., (2000) provides a descriptive analysis on some important mechanisms of corporate governance quality taken from the capital and financial sector master plans as well as orders from relevant regulatory bodies and found that the mechanisms that have been put in place are comprehensive and covers a wide spectrum of corporate governance internally and externally. Review of Corporate Governance Quality of the Malaysian banking sector through independent rankings and surveys Public Perception of Corporate Governance Quality in Malaysian Banking Sector Public perception of cg quality in Malaysian banking sector is discern through a triangulation approach from existing literature on cg quality of Malaysian banks and various surveys on corporate governance of Malaysia as a whole. Academic literature Surveys [cg 8] There are three main sources used by researchers to construct measures of corporate governance: Information from companys by-laws and charter provisions; Independent rankings constructed by rating agencies, such as Standard Poors or Credit Lyonnais Securities Asia (CLSA) (described in Gill 2001), which rely on public information, proprietary analysts assessments, or both; Surveys of firms Mckinsey Survey [cg 5] Mckinsey (2000 / 2002) Investor Opinion Survey found that the majority of investors were prepared to pay a premium to invest in a company with good corporate governance. The survey states that good governance in relation to board practices includes a majority of outside directors who are truly independent; significant director stock ownership and stock-based compensation; formal director evaluations; and responsiveness to shareholder requests for governance information. The Mckinsey Emerging Market Investor Opinion Survey (2001) showed that respondents considered greater transparency the most important corporate reform in emerging markets. [cg and asia 1] Mckinsey Company conducted an investor opinion study in 2000 and 2002 to see if the investors were willing to pay a premium for good governance and if yes, the marnitude of the premium. The result was an overwhelmingly large percentage of respondents stated that they were willing to pay a premium for companies with good governance structures. With regard to the magnitudes of premiums that investors were willing to pay, it appears that there is a pattern that the value of good corporate governance s higher for economies where the quantity and quality of information available to investor is inadequate. [The weaker the level of transparency, investors are willing to compensate more for its effort in promoting transparency.] [cg and asia 5] According to a survey by Mckinsey (2002), 78% of professional investors in Asia say that they are willing to pay a premium for a well-governed company in 2002. The average premium these investors are willing to pay generally ranges from 20% to 25%. Many scholars have attempted to find the relationship between good governance and firm performance in a more rigorous way. Opinion surveys of professional investors may provide some guide on the construction of corporate governance scores. Survey respondents of Mckinsey (2002) say that, for corporation, timely and broad disclosure is the highest priority, followed by independent boards, effective board practices, and performance-related director / management compensation. The survey also shows that priority areas for policymakers include strengthening shareholder rights, improving accounting standards, more effective disclosure, and stronger enforcement. [cg and Malaysia 13] In the global institutional investor opinion survey of McKinsey Company (2002) on Corporate Governance issues, it was found that the majority of investors agree that corporate governance remains of their great concern with strengthening the quality of accounting disclosure as the top priorities. The majority institutional investors are willing to pay a high premium for companies with good corporate governance. The survey also provides evidence that majority (71%) of the respondents state that accounting disclosure is the most important factor that impacts their investment decisions and 52% of the respon dents identify that improving financial reporting quality is the governance priorities for policymakers. [cg and Malaysia 19] While the evidence seems to be quite mixed, there does appear to be a widely held perception that corporate governance can make a difference to the bottom line. The findings of a survey by McKinsey (2002) found that the majority of investors would be prepared to pay a premium to invest in a company with good corporate governance. The survey states that good governance in relation to board practices includes a majority of outside directors who are truly independent, significant director stock ownership and stock-based compensation, formal director evaluations, and good responsiveness to shareholder requests for governance information. The author synthesized that the results indicate the investors perception and belief that corporate governance is important and that belief leads to the willingness to pay a premium for good corporate governance. [cg and Malaysia 3] A recet survey by the international management consultancy, McKinsey Co. suggests that institutional investors are actually prepared to pay a premium for good corporate governance. Its survey revealed that international investors are prepared to pay a mark-up of more than 20% for shares of companies that achieve good corporate governance. In such companies, a majority of directors come from outside the company, have no ties to management and receive most of their remuneration in the form of stocks or options. They are likely to have formed an evaluation process for their directors and to be responsive to investors requests for information on governance issues. Apparently, the results were based on information received from more than 200 institutional investors worldwide. Interestingly, more than 80% of the investors who responded to the McKinsey study say they would pay more for the shares of a well-governed company than those of a poorly governed company with compa rable performance.[bad synthesis] The author synthesized that companies with poor governance will find themselves at a competitive disadvantage when it comes to attracting capital to finance growth. In the concluding words of the McKinsey report: High governance standards will prove essential to attracting and retaining investors in globalised capital markets, while failure to reform is likely to hinder those companies with global ambitions. Questionnaire Survey on Corporate Governance Practices [cg and asia 5] This questionnaire survey pays its major attention to the actual corporate governance practices at the micro-level, rather than the laws and regulations governing them. As observed in the White Paper on Corporate Governance in Asia (OECD, 2003), most Asian jurisdictions have substantially reformed their laws and regulations largely along the spirit of the OECD Principles. However, due to poor implementation and enforcement or some other reasons, the actual practices usually fall short of the new rules. Companies may simply ignore some regulations and guidelines or comply only in cosmetic way in form but not in substance. For various reasons, independent directors may be far from being independent and effective, and small shareholders may be much frustrated in their efforts to exercise the rights secured by the laws. In other cases, corporations may adopt governance practices that are of higher standards than the minimum requirements, or those not required by l aws and regulations. They might do so to signal the market of their intention to protect the interests of minority shareholders. Without a comprehensive firm-level investigation, it is difficult to evaluate the degree of deviation between the regulatory framework and the realities. As such, the survey, in its approach and methodology, is closer to those of the Standard Poors. The corporate-level governance practices, however, will be discussed in close reference to the relevant laws and regulations of individual countriesÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. The questionnaire survey concluded that diffused ownership is rather rare in all the countries under study except for Malaysia. Professional managers in CEO position are found in less than 60% of the Malaysian firms and only in 40-50% of the respondent firms in three other countries. This confirms that the major corporate governance concern in the exchange-listed firms are indeed is to prevent the controlling owners from expropr iation of minority shareholders. It is notable that the positions of CEO and board chairpersns are separated in more than 80% of the Malaysian firms. The functions of the boards and board committees are generally weak, even though corporate directors tend to agree that their boards are a forum for serious discussion of significance corporate matters. In all four countries, boards seem to be rather inactive in selecting, monitoring, and replacing CEO, and reviewing the remuneration of key executives and directors. They are particularly poor in evaluating and supporting directors for their best contribution as board members. Outide or independent directors are inadequately supported with necessary information, access to outside professional services, personnel assistance, education and training, stock-based incentive compensation, and insurance coverage for personal liability. Though there seems to be little role played by banks and employees in protecting stakeholders rights, t his may not be the case in the future. Corporate directors in the surveyed countries are rather sympathetic with the roles of broader stakeholders. About 60% of them strongly agree that a corporation has the goal of enhancing the well-being of various stakeholders in addition to making profits for shareholders. They are generally interested in relationship banking, and seem to be increasingly willing to treat employees as partners given the rising importance of human capital. Their concern about the downside of the increased participation of these stakeholders doesnt seem very serious. Other favorable environment for employee participation includes their high educational background, relatively long tenure, and availability of complementary mechanisms making employees truly stakeholders such as shop-floor and financial participation. Corporate governance practices have been scored to come up with aggregate scores that are to be used for the investigation of the link with firm perf ormance. The scores are based only on practices related to shareholder rights and the effectiveness of the boards. The scores are generally lower for board effectiveness (than for shareholder rights). The highest scores are found among the Malaysian firms, followed by the Thai firms. Scores for Korean firms turn out to be the poorest, which is consistent with their ownership and control structure dominated by a single largest owner. Regression results show that high overall corporate governance scores are associated with larger firms, and firms substantially foreign owned or with a professional manager as CEO. For the whole sample firms, the survey results provide strong evidence that corporate governance matters. Although score for shareholder rights alone does not have any significant association, scores for board effectiveness and overall scores turn out to be significantly associated with firm performance. Investigated by country, such association is evident for Korea and Ind onesia where corporate governance is relatively poor. However, such evidence however, cannot be found for Thai and Malaysian firms. The regression results provide some other interesting evidence. First, the market seems to discount the quality of corporate governance by about 30% in the case of firms controlled by a single Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes: Corporate Governance [CG Asia] One key step in a countrys transition towards improving corporate governance is the completion of the World Banks Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The ROSC process identifies weaknesses that may contribute to a countrys economic and financial vulnerability. [cg and asia 3 / cg and asia 7] The World Bank (2003; 2004 a b; 2005 a, b c; 2006 a b) has conducted a number of studies of corporate governance practices in various countries all over the world. It has conducted eight studies of Asian countries. Out of X corporate governance practices, the result highlighted two corporate governance challenges for Malaysian corporate governance reform, namely, participation rights, Act in Due diligence and care, ensure compliance with laws, and equal treatment of shareholders. [cg country assessment msia] The world banks Report on Observance of Standards and Codes (2005) highlighted the following key challenged to corporate governance reform t o Malaysian assessment: Large government ownership; Free float remains low; Directors accountability; protection for minority shareholders; Institutional investors and shareholder activism Scorecard on Corporate Governance in East Asia [cg and asia 8] This paper measures the progress of corporate governance reforms in nine East Asian economies as revealed empirically through two surveys. The first survey is a stock-taking exercise to take note of on-going reforms in corporate governance rules and regulations, while the second covers perceptions of the implementation and enforcement of corporate governance rules as seen by fund managers and analyst. This study indicates a divergence between the regulatory environment and market perceptions of corporate governance practices in the countries sampled. The survey results also shw that, although the nine economies do not differ significantly in the corporate governance rules and regulations they have put in place, there is s significant difference in terms of market perceptions of their corporate governance practices. CLSA CG Watch 2007 With all these reforms in place, Malaysia was ranked number one in terms of rules and regulation in a study conducted by Credit Lyonnaise Securities Asia (CLSA) and Asian Corporate Governance 2003. However, Malaysia only managed to obtain a score of 5.5 out of 10 for the overall corporate governance practice (Zulkafli et. al, 2005). [cg and Malaysia 2 reviewed zulkafli] Although the regulators have created a commendable framework for corporate governance, Malaysian corporations have yet to achieve a satisfactory level of corporate governance practices and compliance. This is evident from a joint study conducted by CLSA and Asian Corporate Governance 2003 in which the country was ranked number one (9 out of 10) in terms of rules and regulation but only managed to obtain an average score of 5.5 out of 10 for overall corporate governance practice. [sv and cg 14] As proxies for the quality of corporate governance they use the CLSA corporate governance scores and the S P t ransparency rankings. Indeed, both the CLSA and S P scores give weight to qualitative and quantitative board characteristics. [cg watch 2007] Refer to handout KPMG Fraud Survey Report [cg and asia 6 cg asia] In Malaysia, KPMG fraud survey report provides insights into contemporary fraud issues faced by Malaysian companies. The findings are quite striking. While on one hand it shows that there is relatively high degree of awareness and concern about fraud within the Malaysian business community, the survey found that fraud is very often the product of both poor governance and a deficient corporate culture. What is particularly alarming is that 61% of the respondents expect the level of fraud to increase during the next two years. About 89% expect that the trend of fraud as well as financial statement fraud will increase markedly in the aftermath of the economic downturn. Indeed, while Malaysia has succeeded in improving its governance framework in line with the global best practices, there are still lingering concerns about the way it is being implemented. [S P] 1. refer to printed handout 2. refer to S P 1 Past experience of government regulatory forbearance: Effectiveness of the board Separation of ownership and control Opaqueness of the banking instutions Connectivity of banks and corporate borrowers High degree of government intervention

American Military Intervention Against Isis - 1048 Words

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Frailty Thy Name Is Woman Essay Example For Students

Frailty Thy Name Is Woman Essay John F. Kennedy,Theodore Roosevelt , and Bill Clinton all, at one time, have been considered powerful and influential men. These men all once obtained the most influencial job in the United States and argueably in the world. Although these men had a vast impression on the world, their wives had an even more awe-inspiring effect on the world. Women constantly have been underappriciated for the most difficult and monotomous jobs around. Finally, a woman named Jackyln Onasis stood up for what she believes in and demanded to be listened to. She paved the way for future women, like Princess Diana and Hilary Clinton and alllowed women to become wealthier, more powerful, and better icons for the world to see. Similarly, behind Claudius and Hamlet are two unappreciated women who lack the willpower to demand to be listened to. Instead, they both live their lives in the shadows of their controlling men. Therefore, both are seen by Hamlet as weak and frail women. Ophelia is characterized many times as a weak women espicially in the quote, frailty thy name is woman.(Hamlet, L ) Ophelia embodies the flaw of obiedence, but deeper than that, of dependence. Ophelia is completely dependent on her father and proves her dependence when she acts cruel to Hamlet, which goes against her true feelings toward Hamlet. Later Ophelia agrees to not see Hamlet anymore, I shall obey my lord, (Hamlet. L 136) which shows Poloniouss control over his daughter. Ophelias actions show that she will do anything to appease her father, even making a personal sacrifice which she doesnt agree with. Ophelias desire to appease her father leads her to be used as a puppet in order for the King and Polonious to spy on Hamlet, Ophelia walk you here-Gracious so please you, We will bestow ourselves. (Hamlet, L 43-44) Ophelias willingness to spy on a person she truly loves, depicts her true nature and her obiedience toward her father. Even when Hamlet harasses Ophelia ad tells her to go to a nunnery, Ophelia had the inability to defend herself. Unfortunately, Ophelias dependence on her father leads her to an unnatural death. When her father passes on, Ophelia is left by herself, with no one to give her guidence. Instead of trying to move on with her life, she calls for her brother hoping he will have a plan for her, My brother shall know of it. And so I thank you for your good counsel . ( Hamlet, L 71-72) Poloniouss controlling manner is irreplaceable and finally Ophelia realizes this: I would give you some violets, but they withered all when my father died. (Hamlet. L 187-188) The significance of the violets are that they symblolize faithfulness and they all died because she felt betrayed that her father left her. Ophelias death is in result of her dependence, which could be seen through her obiedience and overall weakness of character. Ophelias tradegy is a reminder that one should not put your faith in one person and always follow your heart. Similarly, Gertrude is also charcterized by the quote, frailty thy name is woman. ( Hamlet, L ) Gertrude, like Ophelia, depends on her husband for advice and insight to Hamlets attitude. Gertrude longing for the attention that she loses when her husband dies, quickly marries Claudius, her husbands brother.